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Objective:To understand the effect of standardized residency training for residents with different identity types, and put forward targeted optimization and improvement measures to achieve the homogenization of training effect.Methods:Combined with literature review and expert consultation results, a self-designed questionnaire was conducted for 324 residents who completed their courses in 2019 and 2020. The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 87.65%. By comparing the passing rate of first-time medical admission and completion examination of different identity types, and the training standards of six core competencies, the training effect conclusion was drawn. T-test and Fisher exact probability test were also made by SPSS 21.0. Results:The passing rates of first-time doctors and completion examinations were higher in professional masters and units than in the general population, with the highest passing rates reaching 100% (10/10) and 97.3% (72/74) respectively. There was no statistical difference between the passing rates of residents with different identity types. The overall standard of the six core competencies of the integrated professional masters was better than that of the society and unit personnel. There were statistical differences between the groups in the training standards of the four abilities of the residents with different identity types in professional literacy ( P=0.048), patient management ( P=0.030), communication and cooperation ( P=0.026) and learning promotion ( P=0.003). There was no significant difference in professional ability ( P=0.131) and teaching ability ( P=0.061). Conclusion:There is no difference in the passing rate of residents with different identity types in a military hospital, which achieves the goal of homogenization training to a certain extent. However, there are obvious differences in the standards of the six core competencies, and further optimization measures need to be explored.
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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate and analyze the application effect of cross-field training of clinical, prevention, and management in health management talent training.@*Methods@#The simple random sampling method was used. 30 clinical, prevention, and management students were randomly selected as the cross-training group from 2013 to 2017 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, and 30 students in the same class were randomly selected as the control group. The cross-training group conducted case analysis teaching, symposium, and scientific research ability training practice. After the internship, subjective practice effect and health management knowledge test were conducted for each group. TOPSIS method was adopted to evaluate the subjective effect of cross-teaching and routine practice training.@*Results@#The cross-training group had higher scientific research ability, development, satisfaction, and flexibility scores than the management group[3.0（3.0，3.0） vs 2.0（2.0，3.0）, （2.8±0.6） vs （2.4±0.5）, 3.0（3.0，3.3） vs 2.0（2.0，3.0）, 3.0（3.0，3.0） vs 2.0（2.0，3.0）, respectively]; higher participation, communication ability, development scores than the prevention group[（2.8±0.7） vs （2.4±0.6）, （3.1±0.6） vs （2.6±0.5）, （2.8±0.6） vs （2.4±0.5）, respectively]; and higher suitability degree and strain ability score than the clinical group[（2.9±0.6） vs （2.5±0.7）, 3.0（3.0，3.0） vs 3.0（2.0，3.0）, respectively]. Health management test scores of cross-training students were significantly higher than the clinical group[（7.1±1.3分） vs （6.1±1.9分）]. Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After TOPSIS model evaluation, the results of comprehensive subjective evaluation in the cross-group ranked first, followed by the prevention group, clinical group, and management group.@*Conclusion@#The cross-field of clinical, prevention, and management is better than conventional practice training, which is beneficial for promoting the training of health management talents to meet the needs of social health.
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Achilles tendon is the key structure to connect the heel and foot plantar flexors and transmit the force from the leg triceps muscle, which is the key to storing and releasing energy storage during running and jumping. At present, the primary causes of Achilles tendon injury are non-homologous loading during stance phase and deficient recovery after overload. However, the relevant measures to prevent Achilles tendon injury cannot achieve full recovery. This paper reviewed the research progress of Achilles tendon’s motor function and its application in biomechanics domestically and internationally, reconsidering the role of Achilles tendon in human running and jumping which included anatomical structure of the Achilles tendon, the relationship between internal force and external force, and the effective training program. The key for future research on motor function of Achilles tendon is to improve its mechanical properties, keep the increased load in a better range and ultimately improve motion performance and reduce sports injury from the source.
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Objective To investigate the implementation effect of standardized training of residents in obstetrics and gynecology.Methods A total of 40 students who participated in the standardized residency training of obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital from 2016 to 2018 were selected as respondents.The scores of professional dedication,sense of responsibility,communication skills,document writing,medical history collection,physical examination,diagnostic and differential abilities,drug use,clinical skills,and computer use were evaluated before and after training.The scores of theoretical and skill exams before and after training were collected and compared to evaluate the implementation effect of standardized training of residents in obstetrics and gynecology.Results After training,there were significant changes in the scores of professional dedication [(4.775 ± 0.366) vs.(7.475 ± 0.362),P＜0.05)],sense of responsibility [(4.800 ±0.333) vs.(7.850 ± 0.366),P＜0.05],communication skills [(4.575 ± 0.382) vs.(7.550 ± 0.339),P＜0.05],document writing [(4.833 ± 0.376) vs.(7.762 ± 0.343),P＜0.05],medical history collection [(4.762 ± 0.314)vs.(7.738 ± 0.316),P＜0.05],physical examination [(4.434 ± 0.347) vs.(7.565 ± 0.317),P＜0.05],diagnostic and differential abilities [(4.239 ± 0.274) vs.(7.348 ± 0.314),P＜0.05],drug use [(4.370 ± 0.261) vs.(8.022 ±0.246),P＜0.05],clinical skills [(4.370 ±0.330) vs.(8.217 ±0.265),P＜0.05],and computer use [(4.652 ± 0.260) vs.(8.630 ± 0.289),P＜0.05].There were also significant changes after training in the scores of theoretical exam [(70.950 ± 1.165) vs.(89.675 ± 1.164),P＜0.05] and skill exam [(67.575 ± 0.947) vs.(88.150 ± 0.877),P＜0.05].Conclusion Standardized training of residents in obstetrics and gynecology can enhance their clinical skills and improve their clinical thinking ability.
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Objective To investigate the effects of "two-classroom" teaching mode of basic life support (BLS) training on medical staffs. Methods One hundred and ninety-nine medical staffs trained in BLS curriculum education from May to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to random number table: "two-classroom" teaching mode group (102) and traditional teaching mode group (97). The medical staffs in the traditional teaching mode group were trained by the traditional mode, while those in the"two-classroom" teaching mode group were trained by the "two-classroom" teaching mode, including the first and second classes; the first class is in-class teaching, using the Chinese version of the original American Heart Association (AHA) textbook, whose contents included basic life support operation video observation, practical operation, scene simulation and other teaching modes to carry out classroom teaching, and the second class was mainly in the extracurricular scene simulation. After the training, the differences in teaching effects regarding theoretical knowledge test scores and operational skills test scores and the degrees of satisfaction between the two groups were compared. Results The theoretical and operational scores of the "two-classroom" teaching mode group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching mode group (theoretical scores: 92.10±2.40 vs. 83.4±2.5, operational scores: 91.10±2.20 vs. 82.23±2.13, both P < 0.05). The degree of satisfaction with the BLS training (including 5 parts: controllable learning time, good interaction, cooperative communication, autonomous learning ability, achieving teaching goals) in the medical staffs in the "two-classroom" teaching mode group were higher than those in the traditional teaching mode group (controllable learning time: 98.04±6.35 vs. 83.51±5.27, good interaction: 97.06±6.12 vs. 83.51±5.33, cooperative communication: 96.08±6.07 vs. 73.20±4.96, autonomous learning ability: 96.08±6.15 vs. 73.20±4.28 and achieving teaching goals: 98.04±6.27 vs. 79.38±4.62, all P < 0.05). Conclusion The "two-classroom" teaching mode is a scientific, practical, simple and convenient teaching method, which can improve the theoretical and operational performance grades of trainees, and the medical staffs are well satisfied with the "two-classroom" teaching mode of BLS.
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Objective To identify the influencing factors for rural doctors′ training effect,and suggest on the improvement of such training.Methods On the basis of rural doctors′ survey,the theory of pre-intervention was used to probe into the influencing factors for such training in five dimensions of attention notice,mega-cognitive strategies,advance organizer,goal orientation,and preparatory information.Results 73.2% of the groups were found with satisfying effect.In the single factor analysis,comparison of training effect involving such factors as age,gender,length of work life and pre-intervention revealed statistical significance(P<0.05).As shown in the logistic regression analysis,High motivation in meta-cognitive strategies,Clear goals in goal orientation,Tiered and categorized training in advance organizers,and Practical learning in preparatory information,as well as variants like age would influence rural doctors′ training effect significantly.Conclusions The key to better training effect lies in better motivation of the trainee,setting correct training goals,emphasis on the practicability of training contents and,the pertinence of the training objects.
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Objective To develop a portable pressure detector to facilitate the battlefield self and buddy aids training for dressing,hemostasis and fixation.Methods The changes of pressure were converted into the ones of electric current with the pneumatic cuff,catheter and membrane pressure sensor,and then transmitted to the panel display by Bluetooth.The efficacy for the training was determined based on the acquired data.Results The detector implemented quantifying of the pressures during dressing,hemostasis and fixation,and non-medical staff obtained the results of battlefield treatment training easily to execute rapid assessment of battlefield self and buddy aids training.Conclusion The device gains advantages in visualized data,portability,easy operation and accurate measurement,and contributes to battlefield self and buddy aids training.
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Objective To understand the training effect and discuss psychiatric nurse specialists training′s influence on the core competence and scientific research ability by investigating the working status of psychiatric nurse specialists with the Chinese Nursing Association certification, and in order to improve the quality of the psychiatric nurse specialists training experience. Methods 100 nurses who participated in the Chinese Nursing Association psychiatric nurse specialists training from 2010 to 2014 were chosen by random number table method. Surveyed with their core competence and scientific research ability after training to understand their working status. Results Eighty-eight valid questionnaires were recovered. Scores in core competence of nurses after training were 2.78 ± 0.55, which in the medium level;education background was the main influencing factor of core competence (t=-2.891, P<0.01). Average scientific research ability scores were 1.74 ± 0.88, which was in low level;education background and title were main influencing factors of scientific research ability (t=-3.310, F=5.922, P<0.01). After training, 62.5%(55/88) psychiatric specialist nurses undertook clinical and nursing work the night shift. 82.9%(73/88) of specialist nurse after back to the unit to undertake the teaching work. 52.2% (46/88) psychiatric specialist nurses carried out the scientific research work, and a total of 33 articles published. 79.5%(70/88) of specialist nurses thought hospital for junior nurses more seriously, 35.2% (31/88) of psychiatric specialist nurses′ units carried out the follow-up training. 6.8% (6/88) of hospital tilted in wages reward about nurse specialist, 18.2% (16/88) of hospital tilted in the cut about nurse specialist. Conclusions After training,psychiatric nurses play an important role in clinical care, research, teaching and other work, but their core competencies and research capabilities should to be improved by the further training of the hospital. Although the hospital attaches great importance to specialist nurses, but in the wage awards and title do not tilt.
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Objective To explore the effect of medical assessment on the rehabilitation training of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods There were 67 children with ASD selected from special education schools .Their developmental level , ability of social life and social communication were evaluated by child health care physicians .There were 48 children classified as intervention group:individualized rehabilitation training targets were designed based on the assessment results and individualized rehabilitation training program was carried out .The other 19 children were served as controls and routine rehabilitation training was carried out .All children were reevaluated by physicians with the same methods after training for one year . Results The adaptability , language level and communication ability of children in the intervention group improved better than the control group , with statistically significant difference. Conclusion It is beneficial to develop training programs for children with ASD on the basis of medical assessment which can promote the development level of ASD children , social life ability and communication ability .
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Objective To analyze the training effect for junior nurses from internal medical departments of our hospital.Methods Data gathering tool,based on the Kirkpatrick Four Levels,was formulated by means of theoretical research and expert consultation.Before training,investigation of needs was conducted and then training contents were organized.Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was implemented before and after the training to obtain information about nurses' comprehensive abilities and to compare with their self-assessed data.Twelve months after the training,the training effect was kept track on from those subjects' head nurses.Results After the training,80 subjects' comprehensive abilities obtained from OSCE scored higher than before the training,(71.51±0.49) vs.(61.92±0.55),t=4.961,P ＜ 0.01.Their selfassessed comprehensive abilities also scored higher than that before,(83.49±0.75) vs.(72.73 ±0.43),t=7.020,P ＜ 0.01,the differences were both statistically significant.By questionnaire training,26 head nurses (26/32,88.46％) in general medical department showed positive assessment over training effect.Nurse's behaviors had improved significantly.In 80 training nurses,60 (75.00％) had become the examples of their colleagues.In 80 patients and their family members,73 cases showed their satisfaction and the satisfaction degree was higher than 90％.Conclusions The Kirkpatrick Four Levels can be applied to assess the training effect for junior nurses and the training mode can effectively improve comprehensive abilities of junior nurses.
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Objective To explore the application of PBL teaching method and brainstorming method in the training of medical students' medical record writing ability,in order to strengthen the cultivation of medical students' medical record writing ability.Methods 122 medical undergraduate interns of Grade 2010 majoring in clinical medicine in our hospital were taken as the research object,of which 60 were in the experimental group,62 were in the control group.PBL teaching combined with brainstorming method was used in the experimental group,while the control group used the traditional teaching method of teaching.After the end of the training course,data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software,count data and measurement data were analyzed using chi square test and t test to carry out the significant test between the two groups of data,the training effect was compared between the two groups.Results The results of questionnaire in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant,The experimental group theory test scores were higher than the control group[(84.28 ± 6.65) vs.(74.52 ± 6.75)],and the difference was statistically significant;The experimental group outstanding achievement ratio was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;The proportion of operation and non operative medical records in the experimental group were higher than that in the control group (P=0.005,P=0.004).Conclusion Combined application of PBL teaching method and brainstorming method plays a positive role in superposition and complementation.It gives full play to and mobilizes the students' enthusiasm and initiative,and the training effect is obviously superior to the traditional teaching method,therefore it is worth popularization and application in the training of students' medical record writing ability.
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Taking a national continuing education program with hand in hand mode as an example, the advantages and disadvantages of hand in hand mode and traditional mode are com-pared. Hand in hand mode realizes a door-to-door teaching, and the curriculum is more targeted. Moreover, the time and physical power of trainees are saved, so the training effect is better. The na-tional continuing medical education program withhand in hand is worthy of promotion in the teach-ing practice.
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Objective To understand the short-term effect of practice skill training for general practitioners in Guangdong province and to provide scientific basis for improving the training strategy. Methods According to the training outline (Outline of job-transfer training for general practitioner in primary health institutions (trial))of the Ministry of Health,job-transfer training was provided for a total of 451 primary care doctors in economically undeveloped cities for one year. All trainees were investigated before and after training by questionnaire,which were designed by ourselves and included practical skill level and satisfaction degree.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis,t test,ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results Average self-evaluation scores of practical skills were 136.37 ±21.74 and 169.39 ±17.12 before and after training with significant differences (t=29.028,P=0.000). Scores of all types of practical skills after training were significantly higher than those before training (P<0.000 1). Total satisfaction rate was 91.6%and students were not well satis-fied with training environment and training guarantee. Fac-tors influencing the effect of training included educational background,professional title,doctors' de-sire of training,whether taking part in the general practitioner training or not. The effect of practical training was positively correlated with total satisfaction (r=0.162,P=0.037). Conclusions Remark-able results of practice skill training have been achieved. In the future,more chances for practice should be provided for trainees and contents of skill training should be designed according to the need of community health service,and more attention should be paid to the training project management.
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Objective To understand the current status,type,and effect of training programs conducted by Health Bureau and CDC in China.Methods One person of each province was selected from China field epidemiology training network and designated as contact person who was responsible for collecting information of field practical training lasting for at least 6 months for staff of public health emergency and infectious disease control in each province from October 2001 to October 2010.Questionnaire including basic condition,organization and management,training design,faculty condition,trainee condition and training outputs was designed and filled in by contact person.Results There were 35 training programs covering over 9 provinces in China.The first province and city FETP started in 2004,including Guangdong FETP,Zhejiang FETP,Hangzhou FETP,Ningbo FETP and Guizhou FETP.Thirty-five training programs had 355 mentors,22(6％)were CFETP graduates and 57 (16％)were local FETP graduates.All program funds were paid by local governments.The training programs included two parts,theoretical lectures and field practice,which occupying 10％-20％ and 80％-90％ of the whole training time,respectively.Among 6 evaluative items including emergency investigation,surveillance analysis,surveillance evaluation,planned investigation,investigation report and paper publication,most programs(50％-94％) had less than average one person per time.Conclusions Field epidemiology training program after several years of development in china achieves the certain scale.Some provincial programs are successful,but the effect and quality of training programs in different areas are uneven.We suggest optimizing of field epidemiology training resources and further expanding China field epidemiology training network.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation on muscle strength, muscle bulk and envelope amplitude. METHOD: Twenty right handed healthy men and women (8 : 12) volunteered to be subjects whose mean age were 25.5+/-2.8 years. Left thenar muscle was stimulated at 40 Hz frequency for 20 minutes, every weekday for 2 weeks. Maximal tip pinch power of first and second finger, and cross sectional area of abductor pollicis brevis were assessed before and after electrical stimulation in both hands. RESULTS: Maximal tip pinch power increased in bilateral hands. The thickness and cross sectional area of both thenar muscles were increased, but they were significant only in left side. Envelope amplitude increased significantly in left thenar muscle at maximal voluntary contraction, and showed a tendency to increase in right side at each percent of 10, 30, 50, 100 and in left side at 10, 30, 50% maximal voluntary contractions. CONCLUSION: The electrical stimulation on unilateral muscle induced the increment of bilateral muscular strength. The neural factor and muscle hypertrophy are responsible for the increased strength of the stimulated muscle and the increase in the nonstimulated muscle strength is related to the cross-training effect and adaptation effect.
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Female , Humans , Male , Electric Stimulation , Fingers , Hand , Hypertrophy , Muscle Strength , Muscles , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plyometrics on jump, footwork and chest pass ability in competitive basketball players. Ten male basketball players competing at the college level in Japan practiced plyometrics by using the drop jump and the medicine ball throw three sessions per week for seven weeks. All players had continued regular training and competition in basketball over ten years. Height and contact time of the rebound drop jump and the jump shot were tested for each player along with sprint running velocity in a straight direction and with four footwork phases for changing direction, ball velocity and contact time of hands for chest pass pre and post plyometrics. Drop jump training significantly shortened contact time but did not enhance jumping height of the jump shot with a basketball. Moreover, drop jump training significantly shortened average velocity of sprint running with four footwork phases for changing direction, but did not enhance sprint running in a straight direction. Medicine ball training significantly enhanced ball velocity and contact time of hands for the chest pass. These results suggest that plyometrics, by using the drop jump and medicine ball throw, are effective training methods for improving jump, footwork and chest pass ability in competitive basketball players.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of unilateral leg exercise on the contralateral leg and the cross training effect according to the training intensity. METHOD: Nineteen healthy males volunteered to be subjects for this investigation and were divided into a training group (N=13) and a control group (N=6). One leg of each subject in the training group was randomly assigned to a six week, three day/week isokinetic strengthening training program for concentric knee extension-flexion performed at 60 degrees/second (group A, N=6) and 180 degrees/second (group B, N=7). The control group did not train for six weeks. The strength of the knee extensor and flexor was tested before and after the six week period training by Cybex 770 dynamometer. RESULTS: In both groups A and B, the training resulted in significant increase of knee extensor strength in trained limb compared to control group. However, the strength increment of untrained limb was not significant compared to control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant cross training effect following unilateral leg strength exercise.
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Humans , Male , Education , Extremities , Knee , LegABSTRACT
Eight young girls as an experimental group (E group) and another eight as a control group (C group), (all aged 4-5 years), participated in the present study to observe the effects of training from May 1992 through November 1993. E group performed a 915m endurance run on an agricultural road every day except Sundays for an 18 month training period. No special training was given to C group. In May 1992 (T 1), November 1992 (T 2), May 1993 (T 3), and November 1993 (T 4), both groups underwent treadmill tests in order to check aerobic variables such as heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>) during the course of the training period.<BR>Times required for the run became shorter from summer to fall and from winter to spring (shortening phase), whereas they became prolonged from spring to summer and from fall to winter (prolongation phase) . Therefore, there was a definite seasonality of performance endurance. The rates of shortening in the required times observed from summer to fall were considerably higher than from winter to spring, and this was reflected in the significant improvement of maximal running speed on the treadmill (Vmax) and maximal oxygen uptake in terms of body weight (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max⋅ TBW<SUP>-1</SUP>) from T 1 to T 2 as well as from T 3 to T 4. Thus, significant differences were found between the groups at T 2 and T 4. HR levels during the endurance run were close to 95% HRmax regardless of the phase. Accordingly, the prolongation phases, during which circulatory parameters and ventilatory capacity were least improved, could be regarded as a preparatory period for the following shortening period, during which work load intensities furthermore increased the arteriovenous oxygen differences. Thus, when planning research on the effects of training on aerobic work capacity in the field, special attention should be paid to the season and the training period, and the timing of the examination for training effects, or otherwise, misleading conclusions could be drawn.
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25 males, aged 40-60 years, who participated in aerobic-type exercise on moderate intensity(60~85% of MHR), 3~5 days a week for 6~12 months were selected. Data were obtained at pre- and post-participation of tranining period for height, weight, girths of chest and abdomen, body fat, BP, HR, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, BP and HR during graded treadmil exercise, and VO2max. After training for average 38.4 weeks, significant reductions occured in percent of body fat, HR and SBP both at rest and exercise, triglyceride, but not in cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. And DBP, HDL-cholesterol were elevated. VO2max was increased apparantly by 16.4%. From the results was concluded that training of aerobic exercise could reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 1) decreasing myocaridal oxygen demand, 2) improving on lipid profile, 3) increasing cardiac work capacity.